Product Supply Service for Biogas Plants

Typical biogas composition consists of 55-70% methane (CH4), 30-45% carbon dioxide (CO2), and trace amounts of hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen gases.

The presence and proportion of the components of the biogas may vary according to different environmental factors such as plant type and raw material. Commonly found impurities and problems are given in the table below.

Biogas formation occurs in different microbiological processes. The decomposition steps are as follows; hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. In the first stage, the “hydrolysis” phase, water-insoluble complex substances (carbohydrates, albumin, fats, etc.) are converted into simpler water-soluble organic structures (amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, etc.). The hydrolytic bacteria involved release enzymes that biochemically break down the material. In the first stage, the products which are converted to water soluble form are converted to lower molecular weight organic acids, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in “acidogenesis” stage. Products may vary depending on the ambient conditions and the bacteria species present. In the third stage, eto acetogenesis ürün, the products formed in the second stage are converted to simple organic acids such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen as well as acetic acid (CH3COOH) by anaerobic oxidation. In the last stage of biogas formation, ano methanogenesis öncelikle primarily acetic acids, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are converted to methane by absolute anaerobic methanogen arcs. Methanogens using hydrogen produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, while acetoclastic methane formers decompose acetic acid to form methane.

All organic wastes can be converted to biogas. Animal wastes (feces and slaughterhouses), agricultural wastes, domestic solid wastes and treatment sludges are the most frequently used wastes. In addition, industrial wastes (leather, textile, paper, food, sugar, etc.), garden and food wastes are among the raw materials used.

Since the biogas plant can be constructed in the desired dimensions, in theory anyone can install the plant. The reactor size in the plants can range from several m3 to tens of thousands of m3. In this context, a farmer with several animals and a municipality that looks after a city’s garbage can establish a facility. However, considering the general profile, biogas energy facilities are being established by the investors, especially the owners of livestock facilities, the owners of organic waste producing facilities, municipalities, farmers, local public and non-governmental organizations.

The size of the biogas power plant is determined by the amount of raw material. In this context, the amount of waste feed is directly proportional to the size of the plant. The higher the amount of waste, the larger the facility.

The main components of a biogas plant are as follows.
<ul>
<li>Waste reception unit</li>
<li>Bioreactors</li>
<li>Biogas storage and conditioning</li>
<li>Cogeneration system</li>
<li>Waste heat group</li>
<li>Electrical connection group</li>
<li>Fertilizer plant</li>
<li>Flame chimney</li>
</ul>
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In addition, plant-specific components such as a shredding and mixing unit (depending on waste type), pretreatment unit, waste water treatment plant, biogas cleaner and biomethane purifier can be found.

Biogas energy plants are directly and indirectly beneficial to the environment. First of all, they create a fast and harmless waste disposal since they are operated with raw materials which are of waste quality. Plants producing biogas from waste produce energy using this biogas. In this context, the most frequently used method is the generation of electricity and heat energy by burning biogas in cogeneration systems. However, in many countries of Europe, biogas is cleaned and methane content is increased and converted into biomethane and fed to natural gas network. Fermented wastes produced by digestion are organic fertilizers and are used both in solid and liquid form. In addition, biogas energy plants reduce greenhouse gas emissions both by producing clean energy and by eliminating wastes that will turn into methane in nature.

If the biogas plant is considered as an energy investment, the minimum preferred size should be 500 kW installed power. However, the larger the size of the plant, the smaller the return on investment, the smaller the return on investment.

The size and installed capacity of the biogas power plant is determined by raw material input. The feasibility of a project in this context will provide the necessary information. The first step in the projects for the installation of a biogas power plant is to prepare an feasibility and to have an idea about both plant size and production calculations.

Considerations during the installation of a biogas power plant are often also directly related to costs. In this context, the issues to be considered can be given as follows.

&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>Whether feasibility is done correctly</li>
<li>Proximity to waste sources</li>
<li>Reliability of waste flow</li>
<li>Purchase / use of appropriate equipment</li>
<li>Land price</li>
</ul>
In addition, operating and maintenance / repair costs and primary and secondary revenues, which have gained importance after the commissioning of the plant, are the factors that affect the profitability of the plant.